Phaedrus Probably Went By the Ivy Covered Walls Of Foster Hall On the Way To Harper Memorial Library The Library Is To the Right (West).
“The next day he is at the library waiting for it to open and when it does he begins to read furiously, back behind Plato for the first time, into what little is known of those rhetoricians he so despised. And what he discovers begins to confirm what he has already intuited from his thoughts the evening before. .. Plato’s condemnation of the Sophists is one which many scholars have already taken with great misgivings. The Chairman of the committee himself has suggested that critics who are not certain what Plato meant should be equally uncertain of what Socrates’ antagonists in the dialogues meant. When it is known that Plato put his own words in Socrates’ mouth (Aristotle says this) there should be no reason to doubt that he could have put his own words into other mouths too.“(U.Chicago Cont.Next)
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. This East entrance to the Building on the University Map labeled Harper Memorial Library.
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The Development of Modern Steel, Concrete & Asphalt Required Scientific Truth. The Same Holds For These Cars, Steel Posts, Concrete Walks, Asphalt Streets, and Brick Buildings ….. Indeed the University Itself, and the Whole of Western Man, Likewise Require the Operation of Truth!
[The previous 2.5 pages cover what Phaedrus discovered about the Sophists and Pre-Socratic Greek History. The Narrator relates why and how the early Greek Philosophers, in the “first conscious search for what was imperishable in the affairs of men.“ suppressed and discredited the Sophists“. We are told of Phaedrus’s discovery of the following passage in a small book called “The Greeks” by H. D. F. Kitto:]“The resolution of the arguments of the Cosmologists came from a new direction entirely, from a group Phædrus seemed to feel were early humanists They were teachers, but what they sought to teach was not principles, but beliefs of men. Their object was not any single absolute truth, but the improvement of men. All principles, all truths, are relative, they said. "Man is the measure of all things. .. These were the famous teachers of "wisdom," the Sophists of ancient Greece."“ [Phaedrus discovered there was a war between those who believe in absolute truth and those who believe in only relative truth. The Narrator finishes with:] “The results of Socrates’ martyrdom and Plato’s unexcelled prose that followed are nothing less than the whole world of Western man as we know it. If the idea of truth had been allowed to perish unrediscovered by the Renaissance it’s unlikely that we would be much beyond the level of prehistoric man today. The ideas of science and technology and other systematically organized efforts of man are dead-centered on it. It is the nucleus of it all.“(U.Chicago Cont.Next)
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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This Sculpture Could Symbolize “The Greatest and the Best“
[The previous two pages the Narrator explains how Phaedrus began to search for how and why the Early Greek Philosophers would want to eliminate virtue. We are told of Phaedrus’s discovery of very poignant passages in a small book called “The Greeks” by H. D. F. Kitto. I here include a portion of what the Narrators said:] “"What moves the Greek warrior to deeds of heroism," Kitto comments, "is not a sense of duty as we understand it—duty towards others: it is rather duty towards himself. He strives after that which we translate ‘virtue’ but is in Greek areté, ‘excellence’—we shall have much to say about areté. It runs through Greek life." .. There, Phædrus thinks, is a definition of Quality that had existed a thousand years before the dialecticians ever thought to put it to word-traps. Anyone who cannot understand this meaning without logical definiens and definendum and differentia is either lying or so out of touch with the common lot of humanity as to be unworthy of receiving any reply whatsoever. Phædrus is fascinated too by the description of the motive of "duty toward self " which is an almost exact translation of the Sanskrit word dharma, sometimes described as the "one" of the Hindus. “(U.Chicago Cont.Next)
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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Here Could Be Places for Statues of Three Early “Famous Teachers of ‘Wisdom’!“
“[Phaedrus asks:] Can the dharma of the Hindus and the "virtue" of the ancient Greeks be identical? .. Then Phædrus feels a tugging to read the passage again, and he does so and then—what’s this?! . . "That which we translate ‘virtue ‘ but is in Greek ‘excellence." .. Lightning hits! .. Quality! Virtue! Dharma! That is what the Sophists were teaching! Not ethical relativism. Not pristine "virtue." But areté Excellence. Dharma! Before the Church of Reason. Before substance. Before form. Before mind and matter. Before dialectic itself. Quality had been absolute. Those first teachers of the Western world were teaching Quality, and the medium they had chosen was that of rhetoric. He has been doing it right all along.“
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Since these roof sheltered recessed platforms do not have any statues of the saints, I hereby propose that these places of honor should have statues of the Sophists of Ancient Greece! They taught Quality through …. Rhetoric!
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The Horizon, Partly Obscured By Fog, Is Just Beyond the Horizontal Line Of The Sandbar.
“The rain has lifted enough so that we can see the horizon now, …. “Cont.Next)
Five mi South of Orick, CA.
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The Horizon May Be Discerned As the Line Separating the Lighter Sky Above the Water.
“ …. a sharp line demarking the light grey of the sky and the darker grey of the water. .. Kitto had more to say about this areté of the ancient Greeks. "When we meet areté in Plato," he said, "we translate it ‘virtue’ and consequently miss all the flavour of it. ‘Virtue,’ at least in modern English, is almost entirely a moral word; areté, on the other hand, is used indifferently in all the categories, and simply means excellence." …. “ [The end of this Kitto quotation follows:]“ Areté implies a respect for the wholeness or oneness of life, and a consequent dislike of specialization. It implies a contempt for efficiency—or rather a much higher idea of efficiency, an efficiency which exists not in one department of life but in life itself.“(Cont.Next)
Five mi South of Orick, CA. The water is darker than the sky because the water, stirred up by surf, has a heavy burden of darker silt and organic matter. Clearly ‘murkier’ than even the foggy air!
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Trees and Misty Coastline. We Gain the Power and Convenience of Electricity, But We Loose Pristine Beauty Behind the Ever Present Wires Seen In This Photo.
“Phædrus remembered a line from Thoreau: "You never gain something but that you lose something." And now he began to see for the first time the unbelievable magnitude of what man, when he gained power to understand and rule the world in terms of dialectic truths, had lost. He had built empires of scientific capability to manipulate the phenomena of nature into enormous manifestations of his own dreams of power and wealth—but for this he had exchanged an empire of understanding of equal magnitude: an understanding of what it is to be a part of the world, and not an enemy of it.“(Cont.Next)
Five mi South of Orick, CA. The electric power lines are also Geometer’s Lines.
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The Original Geometers Line.
“One can acquire some peace of mind from just watching that horizon. It’s a geometer’s line—completely flat, steady and known. Perhaps it’s the original line that gave rise to Euclid’s understanding of lineness; a reference line from which was derived the original calculations of the first astronomers that charted the stars. .. Phædrus knew, with the same mathematical assurance Poincaré had felt when he resolved the Fuchsian equations, that this Greek areté was the missing piece that completed the pattern, but he read on now for completion. .. The halo around the heads of Plato and Socrates is now gone. He sees that they consistently are doing exactly that which they accuse the Sophists of doing using emotionally persuasive language for the ulterior purpose of making the weaker argument, the case for dialectic, appear the stronger. We always condemn most in others, he thought, that which we most fear in ourselves. .. But why? “
Five mi South of Orick, CA. Our word “line” is a variant of our word “linen”. In Ancient Egypt, the Land Surveyors used linen strings made out of the fibrous stalks of the flax plant, still the source of our finest linen table cloths. For the Egyptians, those “linens” , marked out the edges of each farm property marked over the mud left after the yearly flood. Perhaps this indicates an alternate origin of our concept of “line”.
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Is This Our Heritage From Aristotle? A South East View From the Old Road To Arcata. We Are Further Inland Now, Thus More Warmth and Less Fog.
[After two pages explaining “why” would Plato want to destroy Arete,’(often wrongly called virtue) the Narrator concludes:] “And today in those few Universities that bother to teach classic ethics anymore, students, following the lead of Aristotle and Plato, endlessly play around with the question that in ancient Greece never needed to be asked: "What is the Good? And how do we define it? Since different people have defined it differently, how can we know there is any good? Some say the good is found in happiness, but how do we know what happiness is? And how can happiness be defined? Happiness and good are not objective terms. We cannot deal with them scientifically. And since they aren’t objective they just exist in your mind. So if you want to be happy just change your mind. Ha-ha, ha-ha." ..
Aristotelian ethics, Aristotelian definitions, Aristotelian logic, Aristotelian forms, Aristotelian substances, Aristotelian rhetoric, Aristotelian laughter . . . ha-ha, ha-ha.“(Cont.Next)
Second Rt101 exit for Mckinlyville, CA.
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In the Narrative the Dark Misty Wet Road Symbolizes the Disappearance of the Ancient World Into the Darkness of Time.
“And the bones of the Sophists long ago turned to dust and what they said turned to dust with them and the dust was buried under the rubble of declining Athens through its fall and Macedonia through its decline and fall. Through the decline and death of ancient Rome and Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire and the modern states—buried so deep and with such ceremoniousness and such unction and such evil that only a madman centuries later could discover the clues needed to uncover them, and see with horror what had been done. . . . .. The road has become so dark I have to turn on my headlight now to follow it through these mists and rain.“(End Chapter. 29.)
Road at night South of Weott, CA.
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The Road Here Goes Inland Where The Narrator and Chris Would Have Been Much Warmer, Had They No Rain As You See Here.
“(Start Chapter. 30.)At Arcata we enter a small diner, cold and wet, and eat chili and beans and drink coffee. .. Then we are back on the road again, freeway now, fast and wet. We’ll go to within an easy day’s distance from San Francisco and then stop.“(Cont.Next)
Rt101 turn off on Rt299 into Arcata, CA. I did not attempt to locate a 1960’s style restaurant in Arcata. For this and several later photos, I’m sorry not to be able to always show photos appropriate for the Narrator’s passages describing driving at dark and in the rain. New topic: The Narrator says “within an easy day’s distance“. Just a few miles back from here, I saw a sign that said “298 Miles to San Francisco” This is one day’s drive by Narrator’s typical travel standards already mentioned several times in ZMM. As best I can determine (by “best fit”), the Narrator’s next motel is at (or near) Fortuna CA, some 25 miles further South. Of course, I use the Narrator’s local scenery descriptions both before and after his next motel (page 359). So, in keeping with the factual underpinnings of ZMM, next Motel is “within an easy day’s distance“, in keeping with the factual accuracy and realism of the story!!
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Since I Don’t Have a Freeway Photo Here, I Hope You Will Accept This East View From the Freeway Overpass Bridge at One of the Exits a Few Miles Back. Perhaps These Were Some of the Freeway Lights the Narrator Mentions.
“The freeway picks up strange reflections in the rain from oncoming lights across the median. The rain hits like pellets against the bubble, which refracts the lights in strange circular and then semicircular waves as they go by. Twentieth century. It’s all around us now, this twentieth century.“(Cont.Next)
Rt 101 exit for Mckinlyville, CA.
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It’s the. 20th Century: Another View Of The Hospital Complex From A High Window of Cobb Hall.
“[Twentieth century. It’s all around us now, this twentieth century.] Time to finish this twentieth-century odyssey of Phædrus and be done with it. .. The next time the class in Ideas and Methods 251, Rhetoric, met at the large round table in South Chicago, a department secretary announced that the Professor of Philosophy was ill. The following week he was still ill.“(U.Chicago Cont.Next)
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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The Brick Building Ahead At Left Is the University of Chicago Bookstore Plus Coffee Shop. Phaedrus And fellow Students Would Have Come From the Main Front Door Of Cobb Hall, Into the Quad, Follow the Small Sidewalk, Pass Under the Tree, and Then Cross the Street to the Coffee Shop (The Hospital and Cobb Hall, Off Picture, Are Respectively At Left & Right.) The Concrete Building Beyond At Left Is U of C’s Henry Hinds Laboratory.
“[The following week he was still ill.] The following week he was still ill. The somewhat bewildered remnants of the class, which had dwindled to a third of its size, went on their own across the street for coffee.(U.Chicago Cont.Next)“
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. A place for coffee is indeed “across the street“ from the back of Phaedrus’s Classroom Building, Cobb Hall, at the immediate right of this photo. Remember the spatial relationships you see here. In the following photos you will see closer views of the Hospital, Bookstore, Hinds Laboratory, and Cobb Hall.
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The University of Chicago Bookstore Features A Very Nice Coffee Shop.
“At the coffee table a student whom Phædrus had marked as bright but intellectually snobbish said, "I consider this one of the most unpleasant classes I have ever been in." He seemed to look down on Phædrus with womanish peevishness as a spoiler of what should have been a nice experience.“(U.Chicago Cont.Next)
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. So far as I could determine this would be the most likely accessible coffee place near Phaedrus Classroom, that is “across the street“.
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In October, These Trees Would Be Full Of Color. West View of Chicago Exposition Mall Intersection Watchful Guard At SW Corner of Series Of Buildings Adjoining Cobb Hall.
[After discussion about their class, everyone at the coffee table fell silent when they learned that Phaedrus taught Rhetoric! The Narrator continues:] “November wore on. The leaves, which had turned a beautiful sunlit orange in October, fell from the trees, leaving barren branches to meet the cold winds from the north. A first snow fell, then melted, and a drab city waited for winter to come. .. In the Professor of Philosophy’s absence, another Platonic dialogue had been assigned. Its title was Phædrus, which meant nothing to our Phædrus since he didn’t call himself by that name.“(U.Chicago Cont.Next)
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. The Hospital, Bookstore, Hinds Laboratory, and Cobb Hall are one block to the right. P.S. Although the Guard had a right to ask me why I was taking so many photos, he never approached or indicated a problem. This is the last time I noticed him as I took the remainder of my U.Chicago photos.
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Entrance To The University of Chicago Bookstore and Coffee Shop.
[The Narrator, having completed his one page introduction to Socrates dialogue “Phaedrus”, continues:] “The next week, in the University of Chicago bookstore across the street from where he is about to attend class, Phædrus sees … “(U.Chicago Cont.Next)
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. The University of Chicago Bookstore is indeed “ across the street“ The back of Cobb Hall (Phaedrus’s Classroom Building, and all the windows in my pictures) was to my immediate right as I took this photo. The Hospital Buildings and the Dark Round Sculpture were to my left behind me.
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General View Inside The University of Chicago Bookstore.
“ …. [Phædrus sees] two dark eyes that stare at him steadily through a shelf of books. When the face appears he recognizes it as the face of the innocent student who had been verbally beaten up earlier in the quarter and had disappeared. The face looks as though the student knows something Phædrus doesn’t know. Phædrus walks over to talk, but the face retreats and goes out the door, leaving Phædrus puzzled. And on edge. Perhaps he’s just fatigued and jumpy. The exhaustion of teaching at Navy Pier on top of the effort to outflank the whole body of Western academic thought at the University of Chicago is forcing him to work and study twenty hours a day with inadequate attention to food or exercise. It could be just fatigue that makes him think something is odd about that face.“(U.Chicago Cont.Next)
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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